... everyone else to recognize. Therefore, in interaction, people often cooperate to maintain each other’s face. However, some acts, by their nature, make it difficult to maintain the face of the participants ... Vietnamese and NSs of English, including delaying, showing regret, giving excuses, showing appreciation, blaming the partner, giving an alternative and mixing different ways. Among these, mixing ... than rural people and the informants who did not know any foreign languages are more indirect than those with knowledge of some foreign languages. However, she also pointed out some difference...