... ratio. The average difference is around 3%. The discrepancy of this peak pressure is caused by the cycle to cycle dispersion, and is due to non-homogeneity of fuel mixture supply in the cylinder ... where T is the temperature (K), p is the pressure (N/m2), Q is the total heat flux, m is the mass (kg), cp is the specific heat of gas at constant pressure (kJ/kgK), cv is the specific ... is the indicated mean effective pressure, which is the work delivered to the piston over the compression and expansion stroke, per cycle per unit displacement volume; Rn is the number of...