... apart of the lost wave energy is transformedinto turbulence energy. At the beginning of the wave breaking process, the turbulence isconfinedintoa small portion of thebreakingwave ... model,CoastalEngineering34(1998)277.[14] H.A. Schaffer, P.A. Madsen, R. Deigaard, ABoussinesq model for waves breaking in shallowwater,CoastalEngineering20(1993)185.[15] F.C.K. Ting, ... J.T.Kirby,Observation of undertowand turbulence in laboratory surf zone, CoastalEngineering24(1994)51.[16] F.C.K. Ting, J.T. Kirby, Dynamics of surf zoneturbulence in astrongplungingbreaker,CoastalEngineering24(1995)177.[17]...