... before the tests and then the test is written on the basis of the specifications. After the test is written, the specification should be consulted again to see whether the test matches the objectives ... stem. The primary purpose of the stem is to present the problem clearly and concisely. The stem needs to provide the testees a very general idea of the problem and the answer required. The stem ... composed of 6 chapters.Chapter 1- Introduction briefly states the rationale, aims and research questions, scope of the study, theoretical and practical significance of the study, method of the study...