... testing writing Many problems may occur in testing writing; however, Hughes (1989:75) represents the main considerations in testing writing which can be also seen as the main problems in testing ... shifting from testing isolated items to testing writing compositions in which the managing of the rating process became an urgent necessity. John Boker indicates the disadvantages of testing ... thesis, consisting of three main issues: language testing (definitions, approaches, roles, purposes and relationships between testing and teaching- learning); testing writing (types of writing, criteria...