... quickly and others do not. That is, the variation in the dependent variables comes from both the time series and the cross-sections, and some pooling of data is necessary to address the questions. ... is linked to the date of the liberalization. Eichengreen forthcoming reviews the data and methodological differences among most of these and other studies. (For discussions of the different ... openness 9 These are: Botswana, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, the U.S., Iceland, India, Israel, Japan, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, the Netherlands, Norway,...