... by international treaty, the official
language for aerial and maritime communications. English is an official
language of the United Nations and many other international organizations,
including ... such as
Jamaica and Nigeria also have millions of native speakers of dialect continua
ranging from an English- based creole to a more standard version of English. Of
th...
... translation has
great contribution to human civilization. Awareness of translation importance,
many writers has written about the definitions of translation. In this paper, the
concepts of ... as
the teaching of English for vocational or professional purposes.
According to Huchinson and Waters (1987), ESP is an approach to
language teaching in which all decisions as to conte...
... are gradable antonyms,
contradictory or complementary antonyms, relational or conversive antonyms
and directional antonyms.
1.2.1.1. Graded antonyms
Graded antonyms are understood as antonyms ... Similarily, these pairs of antonyms are complementary antonyms (Asleep is an
antonym of awake in terms of the contrary state, if we asleep =we don’t awake.
Dead in an antonym of ali...
... classroom. A method is an overall plan for
the orderly presentation of language material. An approach is a set of correlative
assumptions dealing with the nature of language teaching and learning.
... methods,
approaches and a history of methods/approaches, and also introduces the definition,
principles and techniques of the communicative approach.
Chapter two ela...
... VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI
COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
POST GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT
A STUDY ON THE TECHNIQUES
FOR THE IMPROVEMENT TO THE TEACHING
OF ORAL SKILLS IN LIGHT OF
COMMUNICATIVE ...
COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
TEACHING
FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS
IN QUẢNG NGÃI PROVINCE
(NGHIÊN CỨU CÁC THỦ THUẬT NÂNG CAO VIỆC DẠY
KỸ NĂNG NGHE NÓI TIẾNG ANH THE...
... TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgements iv
List of abbreviations v
Part 1: Introduction
1. Rationale of the study 1
2. Aims of the study 2
3. Methods of the study 2
4. Scope of the study ... data collection 9
i
2.6.2. Findings and discussion 9
2.6.2.1. Teachers’ Personal Information 9
• Age of teachers 9
• Teaching experience and training 9
• Qualifications 10
2.6.2...
... became so popular.
4
• The Functional-Notional Approach
In the 1970s teachers of the Functional-Notional Approach stopped teaching grammar and
started teaching more practical phrases and vocabulary ... contrivance
used to accomplish an immediate objective in a classroom. A method is an overall plan for
the orderly presentation of language material. An approach is a set of corr...
... may be classified under one of
three broad headings: verbal irony, situational irony, and dramatic irony.
2.1. Verbal irony
Verbal irony is a disparity of expression and intention: when a ... narrative is unaware of (at least
consciously), thus placing the spectator a step ahead of at least one of the
characters.
3. Irony in use
3.1. Ironic art
One point of view...
... (1983). Principles of Pragmatics. Longman, London.
Liao, C. & Bresnahan, M. J. (1996). A contrastive pragmatic study on Amerian English and
Mandarin refusal strategies. Language Sciences, 18, ... comparison of Japanese textbooks and
actual conversation data. Nihongo Kyouiku (Journal of Japanese Language Teaching),
87, 25 - 39.
Lauper, J. A. (1997). Refusal strategies...
...
characteristic that when they are
produced, air escapes through a small
passage and makes a hissing sound
sometimes called “riction”. Fricatives are
continuant consonants, as you can
continue ... lowered, adding the
resonance of the nasal cavity to that of the
pharynx and that small part of the mouth
chamber behind the velar closure.
2.1.2.5. Lateral
Only one alveolar...