... Ireland has been in decline for seven quarters; Denmark for fi ve; Finland, New Zealand, and Sweden for four; Austria, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Nether-lands, and the United Kingdom for three; ... Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and United States. Bank linkages exclude Aus-tralia, Denmark, and Norway. Portfolio linkages exclude Finland and also exclude Germany and Switzerland prior ... GDP and foreign assets plus foreign liabilities divided by GDP. These data are obtained from the IMF’s World Economic Outlook database and Exter-nal Wealth of Nations Database (see Lane and...