... Methods
quality of the proposed methods (simple feedback
cleaning and cross-cleaning) are considerably im-
proved over those of the previous methods.
Focusing on the subjective quality of the proposed
methods, ... This similarity is measured by N-gram
precision scores. Several kinds of N-grams can be
used in BLEU. We use from 1-gram to 4-gram in
this paper, where a 1-gram precision score...
... scrambled position, it should be substituted
into an available empty slot using the aAT~ struc-
ture. The fiAT~G structure will be used only when
the argument is in a scrambled position so ...
i.e.,
aA~o~, and ~AT~go~,,
thus generating two
possible lexical pairs.
~As a way of implementing a verb-final condition in
Korean,/KA'/'~s~, structure is dominated by fl.AT~s~,,
an...
... potentially hin-
ders the readability of messages. Approaches
to lexical normalisation—i.e., replacing noisy to-
kens by their standard forms in messages (e.g.
replacing yr with your)—could potentially ... present, lexical normali-
sation is an optional plug-in for post-processing
messages.
A further issue related to noisy tokens is that
it is possible that a relevant tweet might contain
a va...
... subjected to direct binding analysis
using radiolabeled ligands (Fig. 3E,F). For this pur-
pose, differentially tagged mini-receptors were
co-immunoprecipitated using a FLAG-based antibody
from lysates ... diges-
tion using subtilisin. They determined that repeats 1–3
and 7–10 can independently bind Man-6-P-containing
ligands. Dahms et al. [19] further defined the location
of Man-6-P bin...
... four histidines in the C-terminal,
another histidine is present at position 18, and given
the folded state of the protein it is possible that this
residue could play a role in copper binding. No ... binding to
the protein, saturation experiments were undertaken.
Namely, 10 lm of stefin B was exposed to 10, 20, 50 and
100 lm of Cu(II) as Cu
2+
-Gly chelate. The protein was dia-
lysed and the .....
... use closest reference length for each
translation hypothesis to compute the numbers of
the reference n-grams.
2.1
BLEU
BLEU is composed of precision P
g
(N) and brevity
penalty BP:
BPNPBLEU
g
×= ... design decisions.
2.2.1 Precision and Recall
The average precision and average recall used in
PORT (unlike those used in BLEU) are the
arithmetic average of n-gram precisions P
a...
... (Whatman, Clifton, NJ, USA) using
an NaCl gradient for elution. The resulting enzyme was
typically 70–95% pure. Wild-type BuChE used in this work
was purified from human plasma using the same combina-
tion ... the protonated form of H438 is
abolished in the E197Q mutant.
Role of position 328 in the excess-substrate effect
Mutations at position 328 seem to modulate the behaviour
of BuChE, r...
... binding is the EGF3 domain,
which contains a positively charged cluster of amino
acids, although other regions of FSAP promote this
interaction [6]. Using a recombinant EGF3 domain
deletion mutant ... B, Shibamiya A, Trusheim H, Tzima E,
Niepmann M, Linder D, Preissner KT & Kanse SM
(2006) A positively charged cluster in the epidermal
growth factor-like domain of Factor VII-activating
p...
... rebuilt
using arp ⁄ warp [24]. The structure was manually com-
pleted using coot [25] and then refined with refmac5 [26].
Finally, we performed a translation libration screw refine-
ment with refmac5 using ... rather distant from
PLP, is probably a result of inefficient TNB binding,
causing a large increase in K
M
(TNB). The proposed
binding deficiency agrees with our TNB model (see
below)...
... natural-
ness scores for their conversation. Using entrain-
ment over the most frequent words in the entire cor-
pus has the advantage of avoiding sparsity problems;
we hypothesize that it will be more general ... behavior.
These include (i) smooth turn exchanges—speaker
S
2
takes the floor after speaker S
1
has completed her
turn, with no overlap; (ii) overlaps—S
2
starts his
turn before S...