... for Pronunciation by
Analogy (PbA) (Marchand and Damper, 2005) on
the same corpus. Marchand and Damper reported a
processing time of several hours for c4), two days
for c2) and several days for ... 2007.
c
2007 Association for Computational Linguistics
Phonological Constraints and Morphological Preprocessing for
Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion
Vera Demberg
School o...
... Traditionally, most of this knowl-
edge is created by hand, and the effort must be re-
peated for new domains, new characters and plot
elements.
Fortunately, recent work in natural language
processing ... coherence) that is good enough for peo-
ple to understand. Cheng and Mellish (2000) focus
on the interaction of aggregation and text planning
and use genetic algorithms to sear...
... PST as a knowl-
edge source for DA detection, we essentially need to
model the relationship between the random DA and
the random DR. Denote the random DA by X and
the random DR by Y . Given a text ... z-score (Larsen and Marx,
2000) of each word w in the ASR output. Figure 3
illustrates the PST for the sentences: Where is the
Anping-Fort. There are two keywords Where and
Anping-Fo...
... hy-
pothesis.
Pop h, the best hypothesis, off the stack.
If h is a complete sentence, output h and
terminate.
For each possible next word w, extend h
by adding w and push the resulting hy-
pothesis ... in standard TSP. We create a binary
(0/1) integer variable for each pair of hotels
and . if and only if travel from hotel to
hotel is on the itinerary. The objective function
is str...
...
descendants, say z and y, a PAL expression for the phrase is
one of the following forms:
<z>( <V>)
or
<p>( <z>)
where ~a> stands for a PAL expression for a phrase ~*. ... composite expressions are constructed only
with a binary form of function application. Thus, if z and I/
are well-formed formulas of PAL, so is a form z(y).
Expressions of PAL ar...
... letter’s con-
text. Other approaches, such as those of Bisani and
Ney (2002) and Marchand and Damper (2000), have
shown that better performance can be achieved by
pairing letter substrings with ... trees (Daelemans and Bosch,
1997; Black et al., 1998) or instance-based learn-
ing (Bosch and Daelemans, 1998). These systems
predict a phoneme for each input letter, using the
letter...
... (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980; Fass, 1997;
Stern, 1931)). In a place -for- people pattern,
a place stands for any persons/organisations associ-
ated with it, e.g., for sports teams in (2), (3), and (4),
and ... and Agirre, 2000): 0.1 is added to both the de-
nominator and numerator.
The target readings to be distinguished are
literal, place -for- people, place -for-
event, place -f...
... The model
provides a means for common representation and a
global database for communication between
components and allows control of the system to be
eentralised and relatively independent ...
Hypothes,s since it is essenQally an extension of
Marcus' (1980) Determinism Hypothesis.
II TESTING
THE INTERACTIVE DETERMINISM HYPOTttESIS
The ID hypothesis predicts th,~t spee...
... frozen nominal position and
Prep
stands for preposition.
Although frozen structures tend to undergo less transformations
than the free forms, we found that every transformation that applies ...
FAIRE
I
FAI~
J FAIRE ENTENDRE
FAIRE PASSER
FAIRE
SAUTER
FERVOR
FLETRIR
FORCER
FOR~ R
FORMER
FORMER
FORNER
FRANCHIR
I
! I
I |
' ]
-~
.E
.'3 .=~
I
- * L£ COUP
-...
... of
Information and Communications Technology) for
helpful discussions and critical comments on the man-
uscript. This work is supported by Special Coordina-
tion Funds for Promoting Science and ... incorporating
sites for both ATP hydrolysis and microtubule bind-
ing, and a tail domain in the N-terminal, which medi-
ates dimerization of the HCs and also provides a
scaffold...