... the valuesmeasured by Wolfenden et al. [16]. Those of Pro and Arg sidechains and the backbone are taken from the values measured byPrivalov et al. [17]. pK values of the amino acid side chains, a- COOH ... calculated using the hydration poten-tials of the amino acid side chains and the backbone[16,17]. In addition, because the individual hydrationpotential for ionizable side chains, a- COOH and a- NH3+termini ... solutionat a standard concentration of p, R is gas constant, T isabsolute temperature, cpis the activity coefficient of p and Spis the concentration of p. As a first approximation, if pis...