... was first introducedby Golub and Van Loan in 1980 [501], studied extensively and refined by Van Huffel,Vandevalle, Lemmerling et. al. [581, 582], Hansen and O’Leary, and many other researchers[581, ... (2.97) and ∆H and ∆x refer to perturbations of the matrix H and sensor vector x, respectively.By changing the parameter γ in the range [0, 1], we obtain the special cases: the standardLS, TLS and ... matrix H and the sensor vector x are i.i.d. and exhibit the same variance. However, in practice, the data matrix H and the observationvector x represent different physical quantities and are therefore...