... annotation and dis-cusses their problem.Some research addresses the detection of er-rors in pos-annotation (Nakagawa and Matsumoto,2002; Dickinson and Meurers, 200 3a) , syntacticannotation ... Substitution GrammarYoshihide Kato1 and Shigeki Matsubara21Information Technology Center, Nagoya University2Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya UniversityFuro-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, ... trees containing annota-tion errors into the ones whose errors arecorrected. The synchronous grammar isautomatically induced from the treebank.We report an experimental result of apply-ing...