... have been pro-posed for the automatic learning of natural language applications. Unfortunately, theyshow (a) an inherent super linear complex-ity and (b) a lower accuracy than tradi-tional attribute/value ... approaches for the modeling of syn-tactic information in natural language tasks, e.g.syntactic parsing (Collins and Duffy, 2002), rela-tion extraction (Zelenko et al., 2003), Named En-tity recognition ... validation-set. For the ST and SST kernels, we derived that thebest λ (see Section 2.2) were 1 and 0.4, respec-tively. The classification performance was eval-uated using the F1measure3 for the...