... immigrant mothers in the U.S. and to white, South Asian, black African and Caribbean, and other (largely East Asian) immigrants in the U.K Studying mothers’ own behaviors provides a proximate assessment ... separates non-Hispanic white (reference) , Hispanic, black, and other mothers in the FFS, and black (African or Caribbean), South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi), other and white (reference) ... in maternal health inputs before birth, at birth, and into early childhood. In analyses of breastfeeding, prenatal smoking, prenatal drinking (FFS), binge drinking at age 5 (FFS) and smoking...