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THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF CENTRAL-BANK INDEPENDENCE pptx

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF CENTRAL-BANK INDEPENDENCE pptx

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF CENTRAL-BANK INDEPENDENCE pptx

... allfocus on legal aspects of central-bank independence, they diverge intheir rankings of central banks. The measures place different weightson the various aspects of central-bank independence, as outlined ... linked to the actual rate of inflation.Various theoretical positions have been delineated concerning the impact of central-bank independence on the variability of economicgrowth. One of these states ... Appointment of bank officials. In New Zealand, both the minister of finance and the board of the central bank must ratify the appointment of the governor (double veto). Board appointments are made by the finance...
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The Political Economy of Taxation pptx

The Political Economy of Taxation pptx

... regimes the level of redistributive spending should be minimal. The third tenet of the formal voting theory emphasizes the importance of the form of the voting game’. On the contrary, there ... increases.16 The political economy of taxation The volatility of the income will also a ect the magnitude of the welfare state. If the  uctuation of income increases (for example as a consequence of ... regime the size of the public sector should be small, a substantial part of the electorate being excluded from the decision- making process. So, independent of the type of economy, the level of...
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The Political Economy of Distress in East Asian Financial Institutions

The Political Economy of Distress in East Asian Financial Institutions

... credit away fromother segments of the economy like the small and medium-sized enterprisesat the time of the systemic crisis. This, coupled with the fact that significant forbearance of already weak ... the subject of intense debate, with proponents of a sudden shift of views of (foreign) investors as the main cause on one side andproponents of weak fundamentals as the major cause on the other ... when the bank is economically insolvent. The tradeoffsinvolved will, among others, be of a public choice nature and include the importance of the particular financial institution to the local economy...
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The Political Economy of the ‘New Biology’: Biotechnology and the Competition State

The Political Economy of the ‘New Biology’: Biotechnology and the Competition State

... 2004). Another Lofgren & Benner The Political Economy of the ‘New Biology’ – preliminary draft only 5core theme in the understanding of the role of the state in the knowledge-based economy ... and the Birth of the US Biotechnology Enterprises. American Economic Review 88 (1). Lofgren & Benner The Political Economy of the ‘New Biology’ – preliminary draft only 2 The Political ... G. 1990. The Changing Architecture of Politics: Structure, Agency and the Future of the State. London: SAGE. Cerny, Philip G. 1997. Paradoxes of the Competition State: The Dynamics of Political...
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Economic Reform and the Political Economy of the German Welfare State doc

Economic Reform and the Political Economy of the German Welfare State doc

... and the Political Economy of the German Welfare StateWOLFGANG STREECK and CHRISTINE TRAMPUSCH The central problem of the German economy is the high costs of labour, drivenup by the burden of ... change for the time being. Now the strategy isessentially a return to the ‘policy of a calm hand’ (Politik der ruhigen Hand) of the summer of 2001, in the hope of some sort of spin-off from global ... employment. The study identifies the political causes of the long-term rise in non-wage labour costs. It analyses the reforms of the last decade, showing how the multiplicity of veto pointsin the German...
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The Games Are Not the Same The Political Economy of Football in Australia pot

The Games Are Not the Same The Political Economy of Football in Australia pot

... The Games Are Not the Same94in the VFL competition. However, SOO football waned in popularity for a number of reasons. One of these is that the increasing profes-sionalism of the VFL ... leagues. They also argue that while each of the codes has corporatised its operations, the AFL has so far taken it further than the others. The final chapter looks at the future for the football ... a detailed review of its growth along the east coast of Australia. They highlight the dramatic shift from amateurism to professionalism, the subsequent establishment of the Super 10 and 12...
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Gerald Epstein Department of Economics and Political Economy Research Institute (PERI) pptx

Gerald Epstein Department of Economics and Political Economy Research Institute (PERI) pptx

... and thereby reduce both the costs of disinflation and the level of inflation itself. However, the empirical literature on the credibility-enhancing effects of central bank independence offers ... the degree of central bank independence and the level of inflation indeed show a negative correlation between them, but only for the industrialized countries. The measures of central bank independence ... structure of the central bank, that is, whether it was independent of the government or integrated into it 3) the connections between finance and industry and 4) the position of the nation in the...
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Tài liệu Module 3: The Underlying Technologies of Web Service pptx

Tài liệu Module 3: The Underlying Technologies of Web Service pptx

... controlling the format of the SOAP message sent to and returned by the server. As you saw earlier, the contents of the SOAP messages sent to and from a Web Service are in XML. However, the encoding of ... made by the client, the connection to the server is closed after the response is received from the server. Therefore, if any state must be maintained between the client and the server, the server ... 12 through 22, the content of the response message is read. Because the response stream is not seekable, the total amount of data to be read cannot be determined at the start of the content retrieval....
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Tài liệu The new politics of climate change pptx

Tài liệu The new politics of climate change pptx

... are considered. They havedeep roots in our political systems, and in the nature of climate changeitself. They are also symptomatic of a wider malaise. The growth of the global economy has not ... and their political influence. In the UK, the attitudes of floating voters in marginal constituencies are of greatestconcern to the parties. The type of individual action that will lead to political ... to recognise the political dimension of their lifestyle choices and the need to engage in the political process. We can start by making the connection ourselves,and recognising the political significance...
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