... of the indicators
BEFORE and AFTER respectively. Consider the
most extreme case where an event consists of at
most 4 temporal indicators before and 2 after. We
set m and n to 4 and 2 initially. ... be-
longing to c
i
.
4 Experiment Setup and Evaluation
Several experiments have been designed to evalu-
ate the proposed learning approaches and to reveal
the impact of...
... expensive and time-consuming to create.
2
Throughout we will use relation instance to refer to a fact
(e.g. ORGHasEmployee(Apple, Steve Jobs)), while we will use
relation text to refer a ... predicate-argument structure and em-
ploy coreference. Section 3 describes our particular
approach to pattern and relation instance scoring
and selection.
Another research strand...
... manual labeling work
and still produce a classifier with an ac-
ceptable performance.
1 Introduction
A major obstacle for natural language processing
systems which analyze natural language texts or
utterances ... began to experiment with
weakly supervised machine learning algorithms
such as Co-Training (Blum and Mitchell, 1998).
Among others Co-Training was applied to documen...
... success-
fully to other languages and treebank re-
sources. In addition to tag assignment ac-
curacy and f-scores we also present re-
sults of a task-based evaluation. We use
three machine -learning ... context means greater susceptibility to
parse errors. Another factor to consider is the fact
that we trained and adjusted parameters on gold-
standard trees, and the model lea...
... distribu-
tions into account and help to avoid sparse data.
Second, most of our features are highly positively
skewed. Some ML methods (such as the standard
extension of the Na
¨
ıve Bayes classifier to handle
numeric ... lead to
repetitive action, i.e. if a screen output was once
shown to this user, and the user has previously
used or referred to the screen, the screen will be
u...
... 1998).
ThesystemdevelopedforItalianinECRAN
(Cuchiarelli et al., 1998), uses unsupervised
learning to expand a manually constructed sys-
tem and improve its performance. The learning
algorithm tries to supplement the manually con-
structed ... labelled
examples are used to train the classifiers and
then, unlabelled examples are presented to the
classifiers. Examples that cause...
... student state and what are the best
actions for a tutor to consider, one must have a
flexible system that allows one to easily test dif-
ferent configurations of states and actions. To ac-
complish ... collapsing functions allow
the user to easily constrain the trajectory space. To
further reduce the search space for the MDP, our
tool allows the user to specify a threshold to...
... unification,
and present some results about its formal proper-
ties and its relation to other formalisms. Section 3
demonstrates the application to scope underspeci-
fication, to ellipsis, and to the ...
source and the target clause (i.e., the first and the
second clause of a parallel construction; the termi-
nology is taken over from the ellipsis literature), and
X...
... by adding the new state information
to the token in the ACTOR slot of the state description.
Thus the bottle token is updated to include the gtven
CONNECTOR
description.
For the
purposes ... ta important to understand how OPUS differs from
previous inference strateKies in natural language
processing. To emphasize the original contributions of
OPUS we will compare it to R...
... take
into
account tile research goals pursued.
For a natural language system which is sup-
posed
to
analyze and generate texts,
to
engage in
dialogues with users, and which is to acquire ...
Motiva!ion
Rcasearch on natural language processing sys-
tems today strives for the construction of robust
and portable systems) A system is robust, if it
can handle a large...