Báo cáo khoa học: "Acquiring the Meaning of Discourse Markers" doc

... to acquire the mean-ing of discourse markers? Are some aspects of meaning harder to acquire than others?Q2. Choice of features What features are usefulfor acquiring the meaning of discourse ... noise.Manual analysis of a sample of 500 sentences re-vealed about 12% of sentences do not contain the discourse marker they are supposed to. Of the discourse markers used in the experiments,their frequencies ... applies machine learning techniques toacquiring aspects of the meaning of discourse mark-ers. Three subtasks of acquiring the meaning of a discourse marker are considered: learning its polar-ity,...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Modelling the substitutability of discourse connectives" doc

... substituted for another whilepreserving the meaning of a text. Knott (1996)studies the substitutability of discourse connectives,and proposes that substitutability can motivate the- ories of discourse ... suggest some other extended paraphrases of otherwise, such as under other circumstances.Knott (1996) systematises the study of the substi-tutability of discourse connectives. His ﬁrst step isto ... now consider how the substitutability of con-nectives affects our expectations of the value of V .If two connectives are SYNONYMS then each canalways be used in place of other. Thus we wouldalways...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Analyzing the Errors of Unsupervised Learning" docx

... paper,we analyze the following three model families:In the HMM, the input x is a sequence of wordsand the output y is the corresponding sequence of part -of- speech tags.In the PCFG, the input x ... that the ﬁrst iteration of EM reinforces the systematic mis-takes of the supervised initializer. In the ﬁrst E-step, the posterior counts that are computed summarize the predictions of the supervised ... system. If thesematch the empirical counts, then the M-step does notchange the parameters. But if the supervised systempredicts too many JJs, for example, then the M-stepwill update the parameters...

Báo cáo khoa học: "ON THE INDEPENDENCE OF DISCOURSE STRUCTURE AND SEMANTIC DOMAIN" docx

... layouts, there is a minority strategy, used by 4% of the speakers (3 out of 72 cases of the data of Linde (1974)) describing the layout in the form of a map. The speaker first describes the outside ... delete, or move nodes of the tree. The sequence of transformations encodes the construction of the discourse as it actually proceeds in time. We now turn to a discussion of the discourse units which ... the discourse level. In order =o demonstrate that at leas= some of the structure found at the discourse level is independent of the structure of the semantic domain, we may show that there...

Báo cáo khoa học: "On the Problem of Mechanical Translation" docx

... to the standard rules of Russian grammar. 4. Storing in the dictionary all the constant grammatical properties of words. 5. Determination of multiple meanings of the words from the ... information which can be thus obtained. The utilization of the lexical meanings of words as well as of their contexts may also affect problems of cod- ing. These questions are extremely important ... the practice test to which they were subjected. Hence it seems to us that they constitute a re- liable basis for the solution of the problem of MT. The contents of the dictionary, for our expe-...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Assessing the Role of Discourse References in Entailment Inference" pptx

... study.4 The results of our study are of twofold interest.First, they provide guidance for the developers of reference resolvers who might prioritize the scope of their systems to make them more ... on the syntactic roles of the merged components.(a) Dependent-Merge. This operation is ap-plicable when the head of either the focus or ref-erence terms (of both) matches the head node of submarineminiontrappedmodTT1submarineAS-28nnT’apcomp-npnmodmodseabedsubmarinemini ... inference. TE reduces the inference requirements of many text understand-ing applications to the problem of determiningwhether the meaning of a given textual assertion,termed hypothesis (H), can...

Báo cáo khoa học: "TOWARDS THE SEMANTICS OF SINTENCE AYVERBIALS " doc

... dependency tree of the TR of a sentence: the relation of dependency and the relation of the deep word-order, which means that a TR captures the twofold structuring of (the meaning of) a sentence: ... sentence (in the ~rimary case), or the rest of the topic (in the secondary case); the other CA expressions in the cluster have in their scopes the rest of the cluster. 78 If the adverbial ... in (i) and (ii) of IIIA.) as the least communicatively dynamic element of the focus, thus olaying on the surface (with the exception of the preverbal positions) the role of the topic-focus...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "DiMLex: A lexicon of discourse markers for text generation and understanding" docx

... have their "own" meaning independent of the context in which they are used, whereas the latter assume meaning only in context. Then, content words are assigned to the realm of the ... to the two tasks of determining the set of words we regard as discourse markers and thus are to be included in the lexicon, and determining the lexical entries for these words. Finding the ... supply the set of cue words to be looked for and support the initial disambiguation of cues in the text. Depending on the depth of the syntactic and semantic analysis carried out by the text...

Báo cáo khoa học: "ON THE EXISTENCE OF PRIMITIVE MEANING UNITS " potx

... Moran would recoEnize that the location change is from the location of the Agent to the location of the indirect object by the interaction of building block #3 with other buildlng blocks and ... represents the types of entities chat partic- ipate in an action and the changes the entities undergo during the action. The ~s are organized so thac the similarities among various senses of a ... use a on~inatlon of the building blocks to represent the meaning of each new situation iC encoiJ~Cer8 • A sac of building blocks, once inferred, need noc be fixed forever; the search for...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Seeking the determinants of the elusive functions of Sco proteins pptx

... function of the CXXXCmotif of human Sco proteins could therefore be impli-cated not only in the maturation of the CuAsite of Cox2 but also in the maintenance of cellular copperhomeostasis. The ... Blackburn NJ(2011) The essential role of the Cu(II) state of Sco in the maturation of the Cu(A) center of cytochrome oxi-dase: evidence from H135Met and H135SeM variants of the Bacillus subtilis ... detected in the redox state of the cysteines of Sco1 in both Sco1 and Sco2 patientbackgrounds, and these correlate well with the severity of the observed cellular copper deﬁciency [17]. The thiol-disulﬁde...

Xem thêm