... by an IRES–LacZ–Lox-PGK–hygro–lox cassette to allow the expression of the LacZtransgene and prevent the expression of the calpain 3 genefrom the muscle-specific promoter upstream of exon 1.The ... mdx4Cv,B6.A/J-dysfprmd and Sgca-null models and their controls, and aged 7–8 months for the C3-null model and its con-trol. Muscles were chosen in order to reflect the muscleimpairment specificity – which varies ... Journal compilation ª 2008 FEBS of the UPS – ubiquitin (Ub), E2-14 kDa, two E3ubiquitin ligases, MuRF1 and MAFbx, and the C2,C8 and C9 subunits of the proteasome; and (c) CARP,a transcriptional...