... in various organ systems. Even in organismslacking a brain, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, the nervous system plays a key role in maintaining energybalance [1 4]. In more advanced, mammalian ... synthaseactivates PPARalpha to maintain energy homeostasis.J Clin Invest 11 7, 2539–2552. 19 Hu Z, Cha SH, Chohnan S & Lane MD (2003) Hypo-thalamic malonyl-CoA as a mediator of feeding behav-ior. ... novofatty acid synthesis is the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA, catalyzed by ACC – the key reg-ulatory enzyme in the pathway. Malonyl-CoA serves as the basic chain-elongating substrate...