... the critical role of performance in the public sector. In 2004, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) was introduced as a basis to benchmark the performance of the public sector and this circular ... given by scholars on factors related to poor performance in the public service sector. For instance, Givan (2005) revealed the use of inappropriate performance indicators as the root cause while ... dimensions and the total score, and secondly, to assess the construct validity of the job performance instrument utilizing exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic procedures. The items and...