... pair, (b) a tree transformation based mapping, and (c) a tree trans-ducer that performs the mapping.volve tree transformations either between two treesor a tree and a string.The tree transducer, ... language.A regular tree grammar (RTG) closely resemblesa context free grammar (CFG), and is a way of de-scribing a language of trees. Formally, define TΣasthe set of trees with symbols from alphabet ... procedure for recover-ing the MR from the permuted tree. This procedurecorresponds to backward-application in tree trans-ducers, identifying the most likely input tree given a492particular output...