... et al. Hyperactive antifreeze protein in fish
FEBS Journal 272 (2005) 4439–4449 ª 2005 FEBS 4449
Hyperactive antifreeze protein in flounder species
The sole freeze protectant in American plaice
Sherry ... protect
the fish down to the freezing point of seawater. The
absence of the small type I AFPs in the American
plaice argues that these single...
... restrict
the available dihedral angles between the participating
Table 1. Amino acid frequencies (%) in a-amylase linkers, in a set
of globular proteins, in the Swiss-Prot databank and in intrinsically
unstructured ... near
the N- and C-termini of the linkers: this suggests that
a mobile connection with both the catalytic domain
and the binding module is required for th...
... starting
points for invasion. The concerted process of opening
of the initial double strand and the annealing of the
new duplex finally results in either the replacement of
the original strand or the ... repulsive interactions
within the RNA molecule. The protein thereby
smooths the folding energy landscape. The direction of
the RNA folding reaction (either annealin...
... assembly.
In the first model, both hydrophobic translocators exist
in oligomeric form, with the major partner inserted
stably into the membrane, whereas the minor protein is
the link with the V antigen. ... stoichiometry in other
species still awaits further study.
The hydrophilic translocator: the
V antigen
The third component of the translocation apparatus is
a...
... cadherin interacts with
F-actin via b-catenin and a-catenin; b-catenin binds
to cadherin and a-catenin, which in turn interacts with
F-actin (Fig. 3A) [24]. Thus b-catenin plays a pivotal
role in the ... cadherin–catenin complexes within each
cell and by cadherin–cadherin interactions between the
two cells. The interkinetic cells adhere to each other
via cadherin–catenin complexes,...
... Switzerland
Introduction
The serine endopeptidase elastase-2 (human leukocyte
elastase) is a basic protein with an isoelectric point of
10.5. Eighteen of the 19 arginine residues present in
the protein ... glycosaminoglycan binding the enzyme
at different sites, may cause interference with the natural protein inhibi-
tors of elastase-2, particularly the a-1 peptidase inhib...
... a-defensins,
b-defensins, and h-defensins. Defensins are widely
expressed [8], and in mammalian species more than
100 have been identified. Depending on the cell, they
will exert their function either in the intracellular ... defined
mechanism involving mitogen-activated protein kinase
p38 inactivation [85]. This immunomodulatory effect
of the TLR response is mediated through the...
... membrane
binding. In human proteins, protein S binds to the
protein C Gla domain. Although this interaction has
been mapped to Gla regions C-terminal to the 23 site
[31,32], it may still in uence the interaction ... mem-
brane binding affinity enhancement by minor increases
in the overall on-rate and ⁄ or minor decreases in the
overall off-rate.
The results obtained in...
... substrate on the active site
of HYD
Js
The substrate binding pocket in the active site was inves-
tigated based on the homology model to obtain more
information on substrate binding in HYD
Js
. The orien-
tation ... In HYD
Js
, the hydrophobic interactions within the
three SGLs in the substrate binding pocket seem to
be important for the substrate specificity, as obse...
... present in the
neuroendocrine organ, a puzzling question remains
unanswered: how are these peptides distributed in the
different cells of the X organ–sinus gland system? In
other words, what is the ... the
results obtained in the crayfish Orconectes limosus,
showing that l-isomer of CHH is always present in the
different parts of the d-CHH cells, in decreasing
amoun...