...
Trends in the Fees and Expenses of Mutual
Funds, 2010
KEY FINDINGS
»
On average, fees and expenses incurred by investors in long-term mutual funds
declined in 2010. Stock fund investors in ... Director of Industry
and Financial Analysis, prepared this report.
Suggested citation: Breuer, Michael, and
Sean Collins. 2011. Trends in the Fees
an...
... examines recent trends in the expenses and fees
of mutual funds. Expense ratios of equity, bond, and hybrid
funds declined in 2011 owing to declines in the expense
ratios of individual funds, ... Collins, Sean, and Emily
Gallagher, 2012. Trends in the Expenses and
Fees of Mutual Funds, 2011.” ICI Research
Perspective 18, no. 2 (April).
Tre...
...
Whereas in the 1970s the production of farmed marine finfish and shrimp relied almost
exclusively on the capture of wild fry for subsequent stocking and on-growing in ponds,
tanks or cages, the ... presentation of material in this publication do not
imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture
Organization of...
...
According to the algal concentration, the volume of the inoculum which generally
corresponds with the volume of the preceding stage in the upscaling process, amounts to
2-10% of the final culture ... the advantage of allowing control of the quality of the cultures. The
major difficulty in microscopic counts is reproducibility, which is a function of...
... shape of the lorica and the profile of the spines and ornaments allow the
determination of the different species and morphotypes (see 3.4.). The rotifer’s body is
differentiated inTO three distinct ... big and in these
instances the rotifer should be disinfected at sublethal doses; the water of the rotifers
being completely renewed and the rotifers...
... now being developed for oral
delivery of vitamins, chemotherapeutics and vaccines.
Furthermore, a better knowledge of the biology of Artemia was at the origin of the
development of other Artemia ... strains and within batches of
each strain, causing unreliable outputs in marine larviculture. Through multidisciplinary
studies in the eighties both the causes f...
... function of the tank size and the
density of cysts incubated. Excessive foaming can be reduced by disinfection of the cysts
prior to hatching incubation and/ or by the addition of a few drops of a ... performed when the cysts are spherical), removal of the brown
shell in a hypochlorite solution, and washing and deactivation of the remaining
hypochlorit...
... first feeding, and opening of the alimentary tract (instar II stage).
Furthermore, size increase during enrichment will be minimal: Artemia enriched
according to other procedures reaching > ... control
The incidence of microbial diseases has increased dramatically along with the degree of
intensification in the larval production of aquaculture species. Treating micro...
... filtration rate, ingestion rate
and/ or assimilation: including the quality and quantity of the food offered, the
developmental stage of the larvae, and the culture conditions. More detailed information ... and then allowing the feed particles to settle by cutting off the
aeration for another half an hour. Dissolved materials will foam off or remain in the water...