... such as T7 and SP6RNA polymerases. Translation requires factors for initiation, elonga-tion and termination, as well as components for aminoacylation oftRNA, such as amino acids, tRNA and ATP. ... YokogawaT, Okuni T, Nakayama H, Takio K, Yabuki T, KigawaT, Kodama K, Yokogawa T, Nishikawa K &Yokoyama S (2002) An unnatural base pair for incor-porating amino acid analogs into proteins. ... synthetases [38,39] and ribozymes [40] thatcan catalyze aminoacylation of tRNA with specificunnatural amino acids. In addition to amber codons,other target codons have been utilized for the samepurpose....