... cloud-aerosol forcing issues:• Research in new remote sensors and in combinations of instruments, such as lidar and radar, for verticalprofiling,• Formation flying, and • Group flying. In general, ... H2O, CFC-11, CFC-12, N2O5, and aerosol extinction in the infrared band between 6.21 and 11.77 µm and temperature, pressure, and aerosol extinction in a visible band centered near 0.78 µm. ILASmeasures ... uncertainties in aerosol forcing to ±15 percent. Reprinted from NRC (1996).Single-scattering albedo cannot currently be measured from space, and even in situ measurements are sparse and uncertain....