... current thinking, both cross-linguistically
and cross-theoretically, on the topic of constituent structure. In the
next few chapters, I review some fundamentals of constituent structure.
In Chapter ... the
motivations for one particular extension to, PSGs, namely, X-bar theory.
The last section of the book examines critical controversies in treat-
ments of constituent structure. Two...
... of (15b) is that either binding condition C holds at
D -structure before wh-movement applies or the wh-phrase ‘‘recon-
structs’’ to its D -structure position after the overt component of the
grammar. ... added after D -structure and movement.
(16) X Bar À! D -Structure
#
Movement
#
S -Structure (adjunction happens here)
So the derivation of (15d) is such that the adjunct is added after t...
... system: Lexical-Functional Grammar
Strictly speaking, Lexical-Functional Grammar does not belong in this
chapter, because it posits separate constituent and relational structures
(c- and f-structures); ... 6,LFG
makes use of a structured representation of grammatical functions, as
dependency and constituency 171
shown in (2). These f-structures are mapped to the constituent structure
(c...
... restrictions on
multi-structures 1 93
do-support and condition C-eVects in anti-reconstruction environ-
ments. To schematize, we might hypothesize that simple constituent
structure is represented ... to be happy.
A constituent- sharing approach also provides a straightforward an-
alysis of non -constituent coordination (see below for citations and
discussion). For example, Right-Node R...
... c-command relations
seen in (24a):
(24) (a) *[apne baccoN-ne] Mohan-ko maaraa.
self children-erg Mohan-acc beat
‘‘*Self’s children beat Mohan.’’
(b) ?Mohan-ko [apne baccoN-ne] maaraa.
Mohan-acc ... constitu-
ency is represented directly in the c -structure. Syntactic prominence
phenomena such as the binding theory are stated as conditions on the
depth of embedding of structures in the f -stru...
... in (43b) (a layered structure) ,
but that there is a more Wne-grained functional structure (44), such
that the object raises out of the VP to get case in an AgrP, creating the
c-command structure ... sets). See also
Langendoen (20 03) , who pursues a version of Dowty’s approach but
couched within Minimalist set theoretic Bare Phrase Structure.
10.4 .3 Wheel-and-spoke multiplanar appro...
... (1957). ‘‘Co-Occurrence and Transformations.’’ Language 33 : 2 83 34 0.
Harwood, F. W. (1955). ‘‘Axiomatic Syntax: The Construction and Evaluation
of a Syntactic Calculus.’’ Language 31 : 409– 13.
Hays, ... TM -3 7 70/000/00. Systems Develop-
ment Corporation. Santa Monica.
Guilfoyle, Eithne (1990). Functional Categories and Phrase Structure Parameters.
Ph.D. dissertation, McGill Univers...
... (often ¼ IP or TP)
S’ ‘‘S-bar’’ (¼ CP)
SAI Subject-Aux Inversion
SCT structure- changing transformation
slash ‘‘slash feature’’ (indicates a gap in structure)
SOV Subject-Object-Verb order
subcat subcategorization ... predicative
content of the f -structure
PSG phrase structure grammar
PSR phrase structure rule
Q Question
QP QuantiWer Phrase
R-expression referring expression (most nou...
... the propreposition there can stand for a whole prepositional
phrase constituent1 6 (34 a), but not a non -constituent (34 b).
(34 ) (a) Dory dropped the goggles [in the sub], but Nemo couldn’t
Wnd ... to say that there is always a one-to-one relationship between
constituent structure and semantics.
Another advantage to adopting both a hierarchical constituent
structure and the comp...