... 13 .6Improving the Interfaces in the Design Improving the Interfaces in the Design ProcessProcessColocationDigital colocationGlobal teamsProduceability engineerUpstream partnering with vendorsComputerAided Design (CAD)ComputerAided Design (CAD)Greatly accelerates the design step and allows assessment of multiple possible designs without building expensive prototypes.Design for Manufacturability (DFM): search for ways to minimize manufacturing costs.Design for Assembly (DFA): search for ways to ease assembly and manufacture.Rational for DFM: A seemingly trivial detail in design phase might have huge manufacturing cost consequences later on!Some of the Uses of CAD in Auto Some of the Uses of CAD in Auto IndustryIndustryDetermining fit of subassemblies: does the radio/CD player protrude too far into the engine area?Facilitating “decking” of cars (attaching the powertrain to the upper body): do all the pieces fit together perfectly?Crashworthiness: can we modify any aspects of the car’s design to improve its ability to protect the passengers in a crash?New Developments in CADNew Developments in CADStereolithography (rapid prototyping)Mechanical computeraided engineering (MCAE)DevelopmentDevelopmentFigure IV .1 CHAPTER 13 CHAPTER 13 DESIGNDESIGNMcGrawHill/IrwinCopyright ©2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All right reserved. What Is Design?What Is Design?Has been defined as “the synthesis of technology and human needs into manufacturable products.”In practice, design can mean many things, ranging from styling to ergonomics to setting final product specifications.Design has been successfully used in a variety of ways to help achieve new product objectives.One thing it is not: “prettying up” a product that is about to manufactured!Contributions of Design to the New Contributions of Design to the New Products ProcessProducts ProcessFigure ... IV .1 CHAPTER 13 CHAPTER 13 DESIGNDESIGNMcGrawHill/IrwinCopyright ©2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All right reserved. What Is Design?What Is Design?Has been defined as “the synthesis of technology and human needs into manufacturable products.”In practice, design can mean many things, ranging from styling to ergonomics to setting final product specifications.Design has been successfully used in a variety of ways to help achieve new product objectives.One thing it is not: “prettying up” a product that is about to manufactured!Contributions of Design to the New Contributions of Design to the New Products ProcessProducts ProcessFigure 13 .1 Principles of Universal DesignPrinciples of Universal DesignEquitable Use: The design is useful to people with varied abilities.Flexibility in Use: The design accommodates a wide variety of preferences.Simple and Intuitive to Use: The design is easy for anyone to understand.Perceptible Information: The design communicates the required information to the user.Tolerance for Error: The design minimizes adverse consequences of inappropriate use.Low Physical Effort: The design can be used efficiently by anyone with minimal fatigue.Size and Space for Approach and Use: The product is easy to reach, manipulate, and use.Figure ... 13 .5Prototype DevelopmentPrototype DevelopmentComprehensive Prototype: complete, fullyfunctioning, fullsize product ready to be examined by customers.Focused Prototype: not fully functioning or developed, but designed to examine a limited number of performance attributes or features.Examples: a crude, working prototype of an electric bicycle; a foam or wood bicycle to determine customers’ reactions to the proposed shape and form.Model of the Product Design ProcessModel of the Product Design ProcessFigure 13 .6Improving the Interfaces in the Design Improving the Interfaces in the Design ProcessProcessColocationDigital colocationGlobal teamsProduceability engineerUpstream partnering with vendorsComputerAided Design (CAD)ComputerAided Design (CAD)Greatly accelerates the design step and allows assessment of multiple possible designs without building expensive prototypes.Design for Manufacturability (DFM): search for ways to minimize manufacturing costs.Design for Assembly (DFA): search for ways to ease assembly and manufacture.Rational for DFM: A seemingly trivial detail in design phase might have huge manufacturing cost consequences later on!Some of the Uses of CAD in Auto Some of the Uses of CAD in Auto IndustryIndustryDetermining fit of subassemblies: does the radio/CD player protrude too far into the engine area?Facilitating “decking” of cars (attaching the powertrain to the upper body): do all the pieces fit together perfectly?Crashworthiness: can we modify any aspects of the car’s design to improve its ability to protect the passengers in a crash?New Developments in CADNew Developments in CADStereolithography (rapid prototyping)Mechanical computeraided engineering (MCAE)DevelopmentDevelopmentFigure...